Course Catalog: BIOL

Undergraduate students who work in faculty research laboratories present the results of their projects. Organized by the Minority Undergraduate Research Program and the Minority Access to Research Careers Program. Designed for students with membership in the above-mentioned programs. Prerequisite(s): qualifications as determined by instructor at first class meeting. May be repeated for credit.

Introduction to biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, and genetics. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1A, CHEM 3A, or CHEM 4A.

Provides biology majors with the theory and practice of experimental biology. A wide range of concepts and techniques used in the modern laboratory are included in the exercises. Designed to satisfy the introductory biology lab requirement of many medical and professional schools. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A and previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOE 20B. Enrollment limited to 20.

Biochemical, medical, social, and clinical aspects of the female body. Emphasis will be on biological-chemical interactions in the female organs. Topics include female anatomy, cell physiology, endocrine functions, sexuality and intimacy, sexually transmitted diseases, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, birth control, abortion, immunity, cancer. (General Education Code(s): SI.)

Designed to introduce non-biology majors to the biology of viruses, the human immune system, HIV/AIDS, and emerging viral pandemics. Also explores vaccine technology and viral mediated therapies. Social, political, and economic influences of HIV and other viral pandemics discussed. Enrollment limited to 300. (General Education Code(s): PE-T.)

The classroom environment is designed to help students connect course content to their career goals and build knowledge in ways that reflect what is known about nutrition of sports. Cooperative learning and problem solving is emphasized in lectures. Course also seeks to understand complex topics by analyzing medical test results, discussing real-world dilemmas in teams, or reading scientific papers. May be repeated for credit.

Helps students connect course content to their career goals and builds knowledge in ways that reflect what is known about biochemistry of sports. Cooperative learning and problem solving is emphasized in lectures. Also seeks to understand complex topics by analyzing medical test results, discussing real-world dilemmas in teams, or reading scientific papers. May be repeated for credit.

Explores scientific principles and logic through research seminars in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. Additional topics may include diseases, stem cell biology, and other medically relevant areas in biomedical research. Prerequisite(s): Mathematics 3 or equivalent (i.e., mathematics placement examination score), and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment is restricted to first-year, sophomore, and junior students. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30.

An interdisciplinary, multicultural, and historical perspective of medicine focused primarily upon therapy and practice to achieve better understanding of the scope, practice, and limits or medicine. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment limited to 30. (General Education Code(s): SI.)

Introduction to biochemistry including biochemical molecules, protein structure and function, membranes, bioenergetics, and regulation of biosynthesis. Provides students with basic essentials of modern biochemistry and the background needed for upper-division biology courses. Students who desire a more in-depth exposure to biochemistry should consider taking the BIOC 100A/BIOC 100B/BIOC 100C series as an alternative. Students cannot receive credit for this course after they have completed the BIOC 100A, BIOC 100B, and BIOC 100C sequence. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A and BIOE 20B; and CHEM 8B.

Introduction to authentic research in MCD Biology. Students learn a variety of methods and techniques, principles of lab safety and data analysis, how to work effectively in a group and to present their research to an audience. Intended for students new to the university. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A and BIOL 20L. May not be taken for credit after a student has received credit for BIOL 101L. Enrollment limited to 15.

Basic techniques and principles of laboratory biochemistry including isolation and characterization of a natural product, manipulation of proteins and nucleic acids to demonstrate basic physical and chemical properties; and characterization of enzyme substrate interactions. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment restricted to biological sciences & affiliated majors & biology minors. Others may enroll by permission. Enrollment limited to 20.

Covers the basic molecular mechanism of DNA replication and transcription, protein synthesis, and gene regulation in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. The experimental techniques used to determine these mechanisms are emphasized. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100. Enrollment is restricted to Biol B.S., Human Biol B.S., Global and Community Health B.S., MCDB B.S., and Neuroscience B.S. majors. Other majors may enroll by permission of the instructor.

Laboratory course providing hands-on experience with, and covering conceptual background in, fundamental techniques in molecular biology and biochemistry, including DNA cloning, PCR, restriction digest, gel electrophoresis, protein isolation, protein quantification, protein immunoblot (Western) analysis, and use of online bioinformatics tools. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20L, BIOL 102J, or BIOL 107J. Prior or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 101, BIOC 100A & BIOC 100B, or METX 140. Enrollment is restricted to BMB; BIOLBS; MICRBS; MCDB; and NEURO majors.

Introduction to hypothesis-driven laboratory research. Students will create models of a unique uncharacterized disease causing mutation using site directed mutagenesis. An understanding of introductory molecular biology and genetics required. Students are billed a materials fee. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A. Enrollment restricted to biological sciences and affiliated majors with sophomore standing or higher. Enrollment by application and permission of instructor. .

Introduces hypothesis-driven laboratory research. Students create models of a unique uncharacterized disease causing mutation and determine how it impacts the process of pre-mRNA splicing. An understanding of introductory molecular biology and genetics is required. Students are billed a materials fee. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A; and BIOL 20L or BIOL 102J. Enrollment restricted to soph, jr. and sr. MCDB B.S., Biology B.S., and BMB majors. Interested students should add to the waitlist. Application required. Inquire with Instructor. Enrollment limited to 25. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.)

Introduces hypothesis-driven laboratory research. Students create models of a unique, uncharacterized, disease-causing mutation and determine how it impacts the process of pre-mRNA splicing. An understanding of introductory molecular biology and genetics is required. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102L and satisfaction of the ELWR. Enrollment is restricted to soph, jr. and sr. students majoring in BIOL, MCDB, and BMB. Interested students should add to the waitlist. Application will be required. Inquire with Instructor. Enrollment limited to 25.

This course together with its companion course BIOL104A provide a supportive research immersion experience and training in computational and experimental approaches in cancer genomics. Instruction in cancer biology, genomics, and applications of genomic analysis for precision medicine is provided. Students work on their own projects to identify, visualize and interpret genetic variants that contribute to human cancers. BIOL104A focuses primarily on computational biology research, while BIOL104B focuses on experimental laboratory research. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20L and BIOL 105. Enrollment is restricted to sophomore, junior, and senior MCDB B.S., BIOL B.S., and BIOC majors.Interested students should add to the waitlist. Application will be required. Inquire with instructor. Enrollment limited to 20.

This course together with its companion course BIOL104A provide a supportive research immersion experience and training in computational and experimental approaches in cancer genomics. Instruction in cancer biology, genomics, and applications of genomic analysis for precision medicine is provided. Students work on their own projects to validate genetic variants found in short-read sequencing data in both DNA and RNA. BIOL104A focuses primarily on computational biology research (identification of variants from short-read sequencing data), while BIOL104B focuses on experimental laboratory research to validate these variants using classical molecular biology approaches. Students work on the same variants for both courses. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 104A and satisfaction of the ELWR. Enrollment is restricted to sophomore, junior, and senior BIOL B.S., MCDB, and BMB majors. Interested students should add to the waitlist. Application will be required. Inquire with Instructor. Enrollment limited to 20.

The overall objective of this lab is to apply bioinformatic tools to analyze the structure, function, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic). Students experience using web-based tools to retrieve and annotate genetic sequences, align sequences from related species, perform phylogenetic analyses, design sequence-based diagnostic protocols, and perform three-dimensional protein structure analyses. Prerequisites:BME 105 or BIOL 105;BIOC 100A or BIOL 100;BIOL 20L or BIOL 101L.Students have minimal exposure to bioinformatic/sequence analysis tools.Students who have taken BME 110 should not enroll in this lab.BIOLBS, BIOCBS, HBIOBS, MCDBS, and NBIOBS.

Mendelian and molecular genetics; mechanisms of heredity, mutation, recombination, and gene action. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A and BIOE 20B.

Classical and newly developed molecular-genetic techniques used to explore genetic variation in wild populations of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Topics include Mendelian fundamentals, mapping, design of genetic screens, bio-informatic and database analysis, genetic enhancers, and population genetics. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; BIOL 105; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition Requirements. Enrollment limited to 20.

Lab course focusing on teaching students specific molecular genetic methods such as Phenotype analysis, Cloning, PCR, Expression analysis, CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene insertions, Protein Blots, etc., for the genetic manipulation of model organisms. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; BIOL 105; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements.

Goal-driven research laboratory. Students collectively formulate a goal and design experiments to achieve their objectives. Students develop molecular tools and use these and other methods to investigate various aspects of gene silencing in eukaryotes. An understanding of introductory molecular biology is required. Prerequisites: CHEM 1B and BIOL 20A. Students who have taken BIOL 102J or BIOL 20L cannot enroll in BIOL 107J. Completion of BIOL 107J is required to enroll in BIOL 107L. Enrollment is by permission and is restricted to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 15.

The Synthetic Gene regulation course is a goal-oriented research laboratory. Students are given a project and discuss and design experiments to reach that aim. Students develop molecular tools and use these and other methods to investigate various aspects of gene silencing in eukaryotes. An understanding of introductory biology and genetics is required. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107J. Completion of BIOL 107L is necessary to enroll in BIOL 108L. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor and is restricted to sophomore, junior, and senior biology B.S., molecular, cell, and developmental biology, biochemistry and molecular biology majors and proposed majors. . Enrollment limited to 15.

The Synthetic Gene regulation course is a goal-oriented research laboratory. Students will be given a project and will discuss and design experiments to reach that aim. Students will develop molecular tools and will use these and other methods to investigate various aspects of gene silencing in eukaryotes. An understanding of introductory biology and genetics is required. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107L and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition is required. Students cannot enroll in BIOL 108L after receiving credit with a 'C' or better in BIOL 100L, BIOL 103L, BIOL 105L, BIOL 106L, BIOL 109L, BIOL 115L, BIOL 120L, BIOL 121L, BIOL 186L and METX 119L. Enrollment by permission of instructor. . Enrollment limited to 15.

Using budding yeast as a eukaryotic model organism, this laboratory provides practical experience in classic and modern molecular biology techniques and experimental genetic and epigenetic methods, alongside developing strong scientific analysis, interpretation and communication skills. Topics include mendelian genetics, linkage, gene replacement, chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene function assays. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100& BIOL 101, or BIOC 100A& BIOL 100B; & BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L, or BIOL 107J; and BIOL 105. Satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment is restricted to affiliated majors and Biology minors. Enrollment limited to 20.

Covers the structure, organization, and function of eukaryotic cells. Topics include biological membranes, organelles, protein and vesicular trafficking, cellular interactions, the cytoskeleton, and signal transduction. Requires a good understanding of basic biochemistry and molecular biology. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 and BIOL 101, or BIOC 100A and BIOC 100B; and BIOL 105; and BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L or or BIOL 107L or BIOL 122K or CHEM 160K or CHEM 161K BIOL 20L. Enrollment restricted to biological sciences majors.

Principles and concepts of the innate and adaptive immune systems, with emphasis on mechanisms of action and molecular and cellular networks. The development, differentiation, and maturation of cells of the immune system are also discussed. Prerequisite(s): courses BIOE 20B, BIOL 20A, BIOL 105, and BIOL 110.

The immune system in health and disease, including failures of host immune-defense mechanisms, allergy and hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, transplantation biology, the immune response to tumors, immune-system interactions with pathogens, and manipulation of the immune response. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 111A.

Introduces students to basic principles of virology, including viral replication, transmission, and pathogenesis. Students apply knowledge of these basic principles to the development of interventions to prevent viral outbreaks and reduce the burden of viral disease. Formerly offered as Virology. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110. Enrollment limited to 25.

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease across human populations; it is the basic science of public health. This course introduces students to the principles and methodologies of public health epidemiology. Students read, analyze, and discuss epidemiological data. This course is intended for undergraduate students majoring in global and community health. Prerequisite(s): STAT 5, or STAT 7 and STAT 7L.

Focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind cancer. Topics covered include oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell growth genes, checkpoint genes, telomeres, and apoptosis. Students will gain experience in reading the primary scientific literature. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Covers eukaryotic gene and genome organization; DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis; regulation of gene expression; chromosome structure and organization; and the application of recombinant DNA technology to the study of these topics. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 101 or BIOC 100A; and BIOL 105; and BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L or BIOL 107L or BIOL 122K or CHEM 160K or CHEM 161K. Enrollment is restricted to biological sciences and affiliated majors, non-majors by permission of instructor.

A laboratory designed to provide students with direct training in basic molecular techniques. Each laboratory is a separate module which together builds to allow cloning, isolation, and identification of a nucleic acid sequence from scratch. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 187L or BIOL 287L. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition Requirements; and previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 101 or BIOL 115. Restricted to majors. Enrollment limited to 20.

Neglected tropical diseases afflict more than 1 billion of the poorest individuals on the planet. Course covers the molecular basis and pathology of the most prevalent neglected diseases and emerging strategies to combat these diseases. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110. Enrollment is restricted to senior human biology, molecular, cell, and developmental biology, and neuroscience majors. Other majors by permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 30.

Overview of human and medical genetics covering the molecular basis of genetic disease, quantitative methodologies utilized in calculation of genetic risk, and genetic testing and counseling. Includes discussion of ethical issues in genetics and genomic medicine. . Prerequisite(s): STAT 5, or STAT 7 and STAT 7L; BIOL 105 or BME 105; and BIOL 101 or BIOL 115. Enrollment is restricted to biology B.S.; human biology; neuroscience; and molecular, cell, and developmental biology majors. Other students by permission.

A description and analysis of selected developmental events in the life cycle of animals. Experimental approaches to understanding mechanisms are emphasized. (Formerly Development.) Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110.

Experimental studies of animal development using a variety of locally obtainable organisms. Approximately eight hours weekly, but it will often be necessary to monitor continuing experiments throughout the week. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; & BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Comp requirements. Previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 120 is required. Enrollment restricted to BIOCBS; BIOLBS; MCDBS and NBIOBS majors.

Introduction to hypothesis-driven laboratory research. Students isolate a unique bacteriophage and characterize its structure and genome. An understanding of molecular biology and basic genetics is required. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; and BIOL 101L or BIOL 102L; satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment is restricted to declared Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biology B.S.; Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience B.S. majors. Enrollment is by application and permission of instructor. Students cannot enroll in BIOL 121L after receiving credit with a ''C' or better in BIOL 100L, BIOL 103L, BIOL 105L, BIOL 106L, BIOL 108L, BIOL 109L, BIOL 115L, BIOL 120L, BIOL 129L, BIOL 186L or METX 119L. Enrollment limited to 20.

Hypothesis-driven research laboratory. Students isolate a unique bacteriophage from the environment and characterize its structure using electron microscopy and genome by restriction digest analysis. Students develop wet lab skills and use these skills and other methods to investigate various aspects of bacteriophage. An understanding of introductory molecular biology is required. Note that completion of this course, BIOL122K, is necessary to enroll in BIOL122L. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. Prerequisite(s): CHEM1B, CHEM 3A, or CHEM 4A; and BIOL20A, BIOL20L, BIOL86. Enrollment is restricted to biology; biochemistry and molecular biology; and molecular, cell, and developmental biology majors. Students with credit for BIOL121L may not enroll in this course. Enrollment limited to 22.

Hypothesis-driven research laboratory. Students amplify unique genes from a bacteriophage genome and complete gene-function exploration, Students also develop wet lab skills including PCR, Tet expression plasmids, and immunity screens and use these skills and other methods to investigate various aspects of bacteriophage gene function. An understanding of introductory molecular biology is required. Students are billed a materials fee. Prerequisite(s): BIOL122K. Enrollment is restricted to biology, biochemistry and molecular biology; and molecular, cell, and developmental biology majors. Interested students should add to the waitlist. Application required. Inquire with instructor. Enrollment limited to 22.

Covers the theory and application of light microscopy in a non-mathematical way. Course starts with basic optics, introduces the working principles of various microscopes, and discusses recent innovations in imaging techniques with an emphasis on neuroscience applications. . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 5B or PHYS 6B; and BIOL 110.

The structure and function of the nervous system. Topics include elementary electrical principles, biophysics and physiology of single nerve and muscle cells, signal transduction at synapses, development of the nervous system, and neural basis of behavior. Requires a good understanding of basic biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 20A, and BIOE 20B; and BIOL 100, or BIOC 100A and BIOC 100B.

Focuses on the dynamic aspect of the nervous system and how it subserves various cognitive functions. Starting with synaptic plasticity, students explore the neural circuit mechanisms underlying various cognitive functions and how they go astray in neurological disorders. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 226. (Formerly Advanced Molecular Neuroscience.) . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 125. Enrollment is restricted to neuroscience majors and proposed majors. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Focuses on cellular and molecular processes that underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Includes lectures, student oral presentations, discussions, a term paper, and exams. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Covers the principles of nervous-system development from the molecular control of development, cell-cell interactions, to the role of experience in influencing brain structure and function. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 228. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105 and BIOL 125. Enrollment is restricted to Neuroscience B.S. majors; other majors may enroll with the permission of the instructor.

Covers the principles and applications of a wide spectrum of modern approaches in systems neuroscience. Students read and analyze the original literature describing these techniques and exemplary works that utilize the techniques to address important neurobiological questions. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 126, BIOL 129L; students cannot enroll in BIOL 129A after receiving credit with a 'C' or better in BIOL 129B. Enrollment is restricted to seniors and graduate students. Enrollment limited to 30. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Covers current research topics and methods in the field of developmental neurobiology. Students read, analyze, and discuss original research articles related to the development of the nervous system. Intended for upper-level undergraduate students majoring in neuroscience. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105, BIOL 125 and BIOL 128; students cannot enroll in BIOL 129B after receiving credit with a 'C' or better in BIOL 129A. Enrollment is restricted to seniors. Enrollment limited to 30. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Provides a basic introduction to the fundamental aspects of common diseases affecting the central nervous system and current methods used to treat them. Students read, analyze, and discuss original research articles related to nervous system disorders. To facilitate in-class discussion and presentation, enrollment is limited to 30 students. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 125; students cannot enroll in BIOL 129C after receiving credit with a 'C' or better in BIOL 129A or BIOL 129B. Enrollment is restricted to seniors majoring in neuroscience. Enrollment limited to 30. (General Education Code(s): TA.)

Laboratory course giving students experience with electrophysiological, molecular, microscopic, and behavioral techniques used to analyze the function of nervous systems. Students gain experience with collecting and analyzing neurobiological data and presenting their results in written, oral, and visual presentation formats. Students also learn to critically read and analyze primary literature in neurobiology and to use the knowledge they gain to develop their own research proposal. Restricted to Neuroscience B.S. majors during first pass enrollment and Neuroscience B.S., MCD Biology B.S. and Biology B.S. majors during second pass enrollment. BIOL 100&101 or BIOL 101L&125; & STAT5 or 7/7L; ELWR. Restrict to NBIO majors. Other majors permission. Students cannot enroll in BIOL 129L after receiving credit with C or better in BIOL 100L/103L/105L/106L/108L/109L/115L/120L/121L/122K/186L&METX119L Enrollment limited to 20.

Function, organization, and regulation of the major organ systems of humans, with emphasis on integration among systems. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOE 131. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110.

Examines fundamental principles of systemic physiology focusing on the human. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOE 131L. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 110; BIOL 20L or 102J; and previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOL130 is required.Satisfaction of Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment restricted to biological sciences and affiliated majors;biology minors.

This active-learning course explores the origins, evolution, and functions of ribonucleic acid (RNA), including ribozymes, ribosomes, IRNAs, spliceosomes, riboswitches, messenger RNA, microRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and other guide RNAs, CRISPR, long noncoding RNAs, retrotransposons, and RNA viruses. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105 or BME 105, and BIOL 101. Enrollment limited to 90.

Supervised undergraduate research in laboratory of an MCD biology faculty member accompanied by weekly lectures on ethical and practical scientific issues. Topics include: laboratory safety; the scientific method; the collection, treatment, and presentation of data; critical evaluation of scientific literature; scientific misconduct; and peer review. Career issues, including how to apply for admission to graduate and professional schools, are also discussed. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; and BIOL 20L or BIOL 102J; and previous completion of the Disciplinary Communication requirement. Each enrolled student must have a committed MCD faculty sponsor by the first class meeting. Enrollment is restricted to biology and affiliated majors. . May be repeated for credit.

Supervised undergraduate research in laboratory of an MCD biology faculty member accompanied by weekly lectures on ethical and practical scientific issues. Topics include: laboratory safety; the scientific method; the collection, treatment, and presentation of data; critical evaluation of scientific literature; scientific misconduct; and peer review. Career issues, including how to apply for admission to graduate and professional schools, are also discussed. Prerequisite(s): Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; and BIOL 20L or BIOL 102J. Each enrolled student must have a committed MCD faculty sponsor by the first class meeting. Enrollment is restricted to declared Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biology B.S.; Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience B.S. majors. Other majors may enroll by permission of the instructor. Students cannot enroll in BIOL 186L after receiving credit with a 'C' or better in BIOL 100L, BIOL 103L, BIOL 105L, BIOL 106L, BIOL 108L, BIOL 109L, BIOL 115L, BIOL 120L, BIOL 121L, BIOL 129L, or METX 119L. .

Supervised undergraduate research in the laboratory of an MCD biology faculty member accompanied by weekly lectures on practical scientific issues. Topics include: laboratory safety; the scientific method; the collection, treatment, and presentation of data; critical evaluation of scientific literature; ethics and scientific misconduct; and peer review. Career issues, including how to apply for admission to graduate and professional schools, are discussed. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 186L. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100 or BIOC 100A; and BIOL 20L or BIOL 102J; and previous completion of the Disciplinary Communication requirement. Each enrolled student must have a committed MCD faculty sponsor by the first class. Enrollment is restricted to MCD Biology-affiliated majors. May be repeated for credit.

Students explore healthcare from the perspectives of both clinicians and patients. The class focuses on medicine's cognitive, emotional, and spiritual elements, with the goal of understanding the rewards and costs of healthcare practice. Enrollment is restricted to global and community health B.A., global and community health B.S., and human biology B.S. majors; other students may be admitted with the permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 30. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.)

Structured off-campus learning experience providing experience and pre-professional mentoring in a variety of health-related settings. Interns are trained and supervised by a professional at their placement and receive academic guidance from their faculty sponsor. Students spend 8 hours per week at their placement, participate in required class meetings on campus, and keep a reflective journal. Enrollment is by application. Students interview with health sciences internship coordinator; applications are due one quarter in advance to the Health Sciences Internship Office. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment is restricted to global and community health B.S. and human biology majors.

Writing-intensive course offered in conjunction with the health sciences internship. Weekly class meetings include academic guidance and mentoring as well as discussion of the mechanisms and conventions of academic writing about heath and health care. Students complete multiple writing assignments, culminating in a term paper in the format of a scholarly article. Enrollment is by application. Students interview with the health sciences internship coordinator; applications are due one quarter in advance to the Health Care Sciences Internship Office. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 189 is required. Enrollment is restricted to human biology majors.

Provides for individual programs of study (a) by means other than the usual supervision in person, or (b) when the student is doing all or most of the coursework off campus. With permission of the department, may be repeated for credit, or two or three courses taken concurrently. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit.

Development of critical thinking skills via discussion of research articles on a broad range of topics. Prepares students to critically evaluate research publications, and improves their ability to organize effective oral presentations and to evaluate the oral presentations of other scientists. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students in MCD biology, or by permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20.

An in-depth coverage of the structure, function, and synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Discussion of the roles of macromolecules in the regulation of information in the cell. Prerequisite(s): Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

An in-depth coverage of topics in cellular and subcellular organization, structure, and function in plants and animals. Emphasis on current research problems. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200B. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Key topics in developmental biology, including developmental genetics, epigenetics, stem cell biology, and developmental neurobiology. Lectures are accompanied by critical analysis and discussion of recent publications. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students in MCD biology, or by permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20.

A multidisciplinary course that focuses on topics to consider when tackling biomedical research questions experimentally. Lectures highlight important issues to take into account, are coupled with group discussions and intensive analysis of primary literature, and involve case studies to practically demonstrate how how these considerations might be implemented. Concurrent enrollment in BIOL 200A is required. Enrollment limited to 25.

Multidisciplinary course with an emphasis on discussion of approaches and methods involved in the study of biological questions. Lectures focus on current gaps in our knowledge of topics and approaches to test models and hypotheses. Course focuses on current topics in RNA and DNA molecular biology, cell biology, developmental biology, stem cells, neurobiology, and genomics. Lectures coupled with small group discussions and written assignments. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200A or METX 200 or CHEM 200A or BME 205. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20.

An advanced graduate-level course on biological aspects of RNA function and processing in eukaryotes. Lectures and discussions will be developed using the current literature. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200B or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

Covers the field of ribosome research in depth, including the structure and function of ribosomes and the molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis. Begins with historical review of the ribosome field and proceeds to the most recent findings. Focus is on central questions: (1) How is the accuracy of the aminoacyl-tRNA selection determined? (2) What is "accommodation"? (3) What is the mechanism of peptide bond formation (peptidyl transferase)? (4) What is the mechanism of translocation? (5) What are the mechanistic roles of the ribosome and translation factor EF-G in translocation? (6) To what extent is the mechanism of translation determined by RNA? (7) Why is RNA so well suited for the ribosome? (8) How did translation evolve from an RNA world? Prerequisite(s): BIOC 100A, BIOL 200B or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Eukaryotic DNA is complexed with histones to form chromatin. This course focuses on the ways in which chromatin influences and is manipulated to regulate gene expression. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105 and BIOL 115; undergrads by permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

In-depth coverage of epigenetics focusing on how alterations in chromatin structure and DNA methylation establish and maintain heritable states of gene expression. Lectures are supplemented with critical discussion of recent publications. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105 and BIOL 115, or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20.

Fundamental concepts, experimental approaches, and current advances in stem cell biology, with consideration of key ethical issues. Topics include: self-renewal and differentiation; the microenvironment; epigenetics; cell-cycle regulation; and how basic research translates to medical therapeutics. Ethical, moral, and political issues surrounding stem cell research are discussed with lectures from philosophy and other relevant disciplines. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

Provides students with hands-on experience in embryonic stem cell culture methods. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll by permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10.

All eukaryotic cells utilize intricate signaling pathways to control such diverse events as cell-cell communication, cell division, and changes in cell morphology. This course covers the molecular basis of these cellular signaling pathways, focusing on the most current research. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105, BIOL 110, and BIOL 115. Enrollment is restricted to seniors and graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

Provides students with knowledge of the latest concepts in cancer biology and cancer therapeutics, and a general appreciation of the rapid advances being made in this area of biomedicine. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200B or by permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

For experimental biologists: focuses on resolving practical statistical issues typically encountered in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology lab research. No prior experience in statistics or programming is necessary. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. Enrollment limited to 20.

How environmental factors (animals' experiences, environmental toxins, etc.) affect the formation of neuronal circuits and brain function. Lectures and discussions use current literature. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200A, BIOL 200B, BIOL 200C, and BIOL 200D, or by permission of the instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10.

Provides an overview of the continually emerging roles for CRISPR in biomedical research. Topics will include an overview of the CRISPR genome defense systems in bacteria, the mechanisms of DNA cleavage and repair, the many uses of CRISPR as a genome editing tool in model organisms, and discussions on the ethical use of the technology in precision medicine. . Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200A, BIOL 200B, and BIOL 200C. Enrollment restricted to graduate students.

Trains students how to plan, design, and develop STEM outreach programs. Outreach proposals focused on engaging communities from under-represented backgrounds. . Enrollment limited to 20.

Basis of neural behavior at the cellular, molecular and system levels. First half of course focuses on cellular, molecular, and developmental aspects of the nervous system and covers two sensory systems: olfaction and auditory. Last half of course concerns higher-level functions of the nervous system, such as processing and integrating information. Discusses human diseases and disorders. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 126. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Covers the principles of nervous-system development from the molecular control of development, and cell-cell interactions, to the role of experience in influencing brain structure and function. Students cannot receive credit for this course and BIOL 128. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students and by permission of the instructor.

Introduction to the fundamentals of grant writing in biomedical research, including best practices for presentation of data and communication of research findings. Participants write and peer-edit most components of the NIH Ruth Kirschstein F31/F32 pre- or post-doctoral fellowship. . Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15.

Investigates the scientific, ethical, social, and legal dimensions of human embryonic stem-cell research, including the moral status of the embryo; the concept of respect for life; ethical constraints on oocyte procurement; creation of embryonic chimeras; federal policies; and political realities. (Also offered as Biomolecular Engineering 247. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): Course in stem cell biology (ex: BME 278 Stem Cell Research) or the equivalent knowledge. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. (Also offered as Biomolecular Engineering 247. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): Course in stem cell biology (ex: BME 278 Stem Cell Research) or the equivalent knowledge. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Intensive research seminar on the structure and function of the gene expression machinery in the simple eukaryote Saccharomyces cervisiae and its relationship to the human gene expression machinery. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with approval of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar on structure and gene regulatory function of chromatin. Discusses research of participants and relevant scientific literature. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Seminar covers research into the development of the mammalian brain. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

A discussion of current research and literature concerning the regulation of precursor messenger RNA processing. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive course on the molecular mechanisms underlying homolog pairing, synapses, and recombination; and how they are regulated, coordinated, and monitored to ensure accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive research seminar on molecular mechanisms by which neural connections are established during mouse development. Special focus on topographic maps and role of Eph receptors and ephrins in this process. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar and group discussion on current topics in the study of birdsong neurobiology and the development and evolution of the nervous system generally. Students present, review, and discuss relevant research pertaining but not limited to birdsong molecular and systems neurobiology, developmental gene regulatory mechanisms in the brain, and comparative neurobiology. In addition to presenting and discussing published research, students present their own independent research and receive feedback from the instructor and other students. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Seminar covering research into the effects of chromatin on transcription in yeast. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive course on molecular mechanisms by which insulator elements regulate epigenetic gene silencing. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

Focuses on structure and function of the spliceosome using electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography. Participants present results from their own research and relevant journal articles. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20. May be repeated for credit.

An intensive seminar focusing on current research on the molecular mechanisms that control cell division. Participants are required to present results of their own research or to review journal articles of interest. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor.

Seminar covering research into breast development and cancer. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 12. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive course on the molecular mechanisms by which RNA binding proteins regulate gene expression. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with the permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 8. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar discussion of the current research and literature concerning the functions for long noncoding RNA in gene regulation within inflammatory signaling pathways. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll by permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Introduces students to classic and current research in the area of systems neuroscience with specific focus on how different neural cell types shape the computations that are performed in neural circuits. Each week, a different student or the instructor will give a presentation and/or lead a discussion on a topic of their choosing. These topics can be the student's research project, a classic or current neuroscience journal article, or a tutorial on a new method. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive, discussion-based course concerning ongoing research in quality control and gene expression via analysis of published and unpublished observations and theories. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar and group discussion on current topics telomerase and telomere length regulation. Students present, review, and discuss relevant research on telomerase, regulation of telomere length equilibrium, analysis of telomere length data. In addition to presenting and discussing published research, students present their own independent research and receive feedback from the instructor and other members of the laboratory. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Intense weekly seminar on the mechanisms of gene regulation, focusing on C. elegans and human parasitic nematodes. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with the permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar and group discussion on current topics related to the role of human genome variants, including retrotransposons and segmental duplications, on gene regulation and human brain development and disease. Students present, review, and discuss research pertaining, but not limited, to the evolution of retrotransposons and KZNF proteins and their effect on early embryonic gene regulatory programs as well as the development and characterization of pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoid models. In addition to presenting and discussing published research, students also present their own independent research and receive feedback from the instructor and other class participants. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive, discussion-based course covering recent published and unpublished research in mechanisms regulating cancer stem cells and metastasis in breast cancer and their relationship with normal stem cells. Students also present their own research and solicit feedback from students and instructors. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Involves a two-hour weekly meeting in which the students discuss topics concerning the cell cycle, early embryonic development, and the cytoskeleton. These discussions critically evaluate ongoing research in this area. Material is drawn from student research and recently published journal articles. Students are also expected to meet individually with the instructor two hours weekly. In addition to a three–five page research proposal, each student gives two one-hour oral presentations. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly discussion of the current research and literature on translational pediatric genomics. Specific patient cases may be discussed. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll by permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

This seminar course will cover the current topics and progress of neuroscience research on neural circuit development, connectivity, function and genetics. (Formerly Membrane Proteins.) Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20. May be repeated for credit.

Intensive research seminar about epigenetic inheritance and the role of small non-coding RNAs in the intergenerational inheritance of paternal environmental effects. Participants present their research results and report on related journal articles. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll by permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Research seminar covering the regulation of synaptic plasticity in the mammalian nervous system, focusing on how the activity regulates the structural and functional dynamics of synapses. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly research seminar covering gene regulation, cellular interactions, and stem cell behaviors in mammalian prostate development and prostate cancer progression. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll by the permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar and discussion of current research and literature concerning mechanisms by which the host immune response determines the severity of disease following a respiratory viral infection. Enrollment is limited to 10. . Enrollment restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Weekly seminar covering current research and literature concerning the gut barrier and microbes, with particular emphasis on enteric viruses. Enrollment is limited to 10. Enrollment restricted to graduate students; qualified undergraduates may enroll with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10. May be repeated for credit.

Prepares graduate students to help teach university science courses. Weekly class sessions include activities and interactive discussions of diverse modes of learning, diverse ways of teaching, peer instruction, assessment of learning, equity and inclusion, and professional ethics. Students also visit an active learning class and an active learning discussion section at UCSC, then write evaluations of the teaching strategies used in those classes. (Formerly Teaching Assistant Training.) Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Examination of ethical and practical scientific issues, including the collection and treatment of data, attribution of credit, plagiarism, fraud, and peer review. Career issues, including how to apply for grants and positions in industry or academia, will be discussed. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 200A, BIOL 200B, and BIOL 200C or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students; undergraduates may enroll with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20.

An important goal of graduate programs is to train students for diverse careers. Exposes molecular cell and developmental biology graduate students to diverse career options and helps them develop individual development plans to target their graduate training to their selected career goals. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.

Topics of current interest in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology are presented weekly by graduate students, faculty, and guest speakers. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 60. May be repeated for credit.

Various topics by weekly guest speakers. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students.